Tun daga zamanin d ¯ a, mutane suna neman hanyoyin da za su adana nau'o'in abinci ba tare da rasa abincin su ba. A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na yanayin hawan gine-ginen da hanyoyin haɓaka Tsare-tsaren lokaci mai tsawo, wanda aka fi sani da misãlin daskarewa. A d ¯ a Rasha, saboda wannan dalili, sun koyi yadda za a yi amfani da kankara wanda aka rushe a cikin hunturu a kogunan ruwa ko kuma zubar da ruwa mai zurfi kuma an kafa su a cikin zurfin cellars. Wannan kankara ba ta narke har ma a lokacin bazara, ta zama nau'i na tsohon firiji na yau.
A halin yanzu, adana samfurori ta hanyoyi daban-daban na daskarewa yadu a ko'ina cikin duniya . Kuma ba kawai don dalilai na ajiya na dadewa ba, har ma don canza yanayin su a shirye don sarrafawa, don raba ruwa mai haɗari, da kuma lokacin da aka samar da samfurori, don kiyaye dandano da ingancin abin da sanyi ya zama dole - ice cream, alal misali.
Jigon aiwatar da aikin daskarewa shine ya rage yawan zazzabi da ke ƙasa da cryoscopic daya, wanda a cikin ruwan da ke cikin samfurori da aka daskarewa, ya juya, ya juya cikin kankara. Hakika, saboda bambancin dake cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma daidaituwa da abinci daban-daban, akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin zuwa daskarewa. Ana gane hanyoyin da aka fi sani da kuma amfani da su, wanda aka yi amfani da ƙananan kyauta da kuma ingancin kyauta na samfurori - hanyoyi masu mahimmanci.
A zamani na zamani, fasaha na musamman sun bunkasa wanda ya ba da izinin adana yawan abubuwa masu amfani da bitamin da ke kunshe da samfurori da suka shafi daskarewa. Saboda haka, tsarin aikin daskarewa na musamman samfurin yana ɗaukan lokaci, saboda nama, kifi, abincin teku, berries, kayan lambu, namomin kaza, alamu-samfurori sunyi bambanta da rage yawan zafin jiki. Bugu da ƙari, tsawon lokaci na aikin daskarewa yana shafe ta da kauri daga cikin kunshin. Samfurin yana daskare yayin da yake cikin tsakiyar yawan zazzabi ya sauko zuwa -6 digiri Celsius.
Don samarda kayayyakin yau da kullum, ana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu: iska da daskarewa da kuma yin amfani da firiji. Hanyar farko ita ce hanya mai shekaru 70 na daskarewa. Babbar amfani shi ne cewa babu buƙatar kiyayewa, kuma saboda tsananin hawan gwaninta da daidaituwa da dandano kayan samfurori kusan basu bambanta da sabo ba. An yi amfani da fasaha na daskarewa da dama a cikin shirye-shirye na shirye-shiryen da aka yi da shirye-shirye, wanda, kafin a yi hidima, yana buƙata kawai a maida shi a cikin tanda na lantarki.
Ana amfani da hanyoyin yin daskarewa don amfani da kayan aikin kyauta tare da sauƙi mai daidaito, a aikace-aikacen da ba a yarda da dan jarida - cin abincin teku, kayan ƙayyade-tsalle daga kayan lambu mai sliced, kifi kifi, berries da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Tare da wannan hanyar daskarewa, samfurori masu samfurori suna samuwa a cikin masu kyauta. Alkama da kayan abincin pasty - pastes, pastas, ice cream - an daskarewa a wasu na'urori na musamman da ake kira friezers.
Hanyar ta amfani da sunadaran sun hada da daskarewa na cryogenic, lokacin da samfurori, a kan kai tsaye kai tsaye, abubuwan lafiya mai sanyi. Har ila yau, yana buƙatar cikakken m, don rage farashin, ana amfani da hanyar sanyaya haɗuwa: na farko tare da taimakon kayan cryogenic, sa'an nan kuma tare da iska mai sanyi. Misali irin waɗannan kayan aiki na iya zama firiji tare da sanyi bisa tushen nitrogen.
Harkokin kimiyya mai zurfi a kowace shekara yana ƙara zuwa hanyoyin da aka saba amfani dasu don yada sabon abu, inganta tsarin da kanta da kuma hanyoyi don gudanar da shi don kara yawan darajar abinci da abinci mai dadi. Kuma wata rana, ba shakka, za'a samo hanyar da aka fi dacewa mafi kyau, wanda aikace-aikace zai ƙare ƙarshe tsakanin samfurori da waɗanda aka hura sanyi.