Tarihin Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov

Dukanmu mun san Mikhail Afanasyevich daga makaranta. Littafin na Mikhail Bulgakov "Master da Margarita" yana daya daga cikin ƙaunataccen mutane da yawa. Buga labarai Bulgakov, ba zato ba tsammani, ba ta da ban sha'awa fiye da tarihinta. Wannan shine abin da zamu tattauna game da wannan labarin: "Tarihin Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov."

Inda za mu fara, idan muna magana game da tarihin Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov? Tabbas daga haihuwa. Boy Misha ya bayyana a cikin iyalin Bulgakov ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1891. A cikin tsohon style shi ne na uku na watan Mayu. Gidan Michael ya zauna a babban birnin Ukraine - Kiev. Mahaifan Bulgakov mahaifinsa ne a farfesa na Kiev Theological Academy. Mahaifiyar Mikhail ba ta da wata manufa ta musamman kuma ta kasance a cikin tarin yara. Baya ga tsofaffi, Mikhail Afanasievich, Vera, Nadya, Varvara, Nikolai da Ivan sun girma a cikin iyali. A hanyar, an sanya Mikhail Afanasyevich a matsayin mai kula da mai kula da babban birnin kasar - Mala'ika Mika'ilu.

A cikin shirye-shirye na Kiev Gymnasium na biyu, Misha ya shiga cikin 1900, kuma a ranar 22 ga Agustan 1901 - a farkon aji na Alexandrovskaya Gymnasium na farko na Kiev Men. A shekara ta 1907 ya faru da irin wannan batu kamar yadda mahaifinsa ya mutu. Athanasius Bulgakov ya mutu daga nephrosclerosis. Zai yiwu, bayanin tarihin lafiyar mutumin ya fara daidai da mutuwar ƙaunatacce. Bulgakov ya so ya iya ceton mutane. Saboda haka, a shekara ta 1909 ya shiga cikin ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya na Kiev University.

Mikhail ya yi aure da wuri. Ya zabi shi ne Tatyana Lappa. Ta zo Kiev a hutu kuma ta sadu da Michael. Ya ƙaunaci yarinya, ya kawo mata, kuma a 1915 ya aure ta.

Lokacin da yakin duniya ya fara, Mikhail Bulgakov ya so ya dauki sabis kuma ya tambayi sashen na teku. Amma, an gano likitancin matasa ba tare da iya ɗaukar aikin soja ba, sabili da haka, matasa Bulgakov sun bar sha'awarsa. Amma, duk da haka, ya taimaka wa sojoji kamar yadda ya iya. A farkon shekarun yakin, Mikhail yayi aiki a asibitoci na gaba da kuma ceto rayuka da yawa. Shi masanin likita ne wanda yake son aikinsa ba kawai don samun kudi ba, amma don ya ceci rayuka da kuma taimaka wa waɗanda suke bukatan su.

Amma, kasancewa likita mai kyau da kuma mutum, Bulgakov na da irin wannan cututtuka kamar ƙari ga miyagun ƙwayoyi - morphine. An fara ta hanyar hadari. Bulgakov ta gudanar da tracheotomy don yaron da yake da lafiya, kuma yana jin tsoron kasancewa tare da diphtheria, ya sanya kansa cikin inoculation. Ba da daɗewa sai ya fara mummunan mummunan yanayi, kuma ya nutsar da shi, marubucin gaba ya fara daukar morphine. Yawancin lokaci, shan magani ya zama al'ada a gare shi, wanda ba zai iya kawar da shi ba.

Duk da haka, duk da haka, Bulgakov ya ci gaba da samun nasarori masu yawa a aikin likita kuma a shekarar 1917 ya zama shugaban sassan sassan da ke cikin Vyazma. A cikin wannan shekarar, a cikin watan Disamba, Bulgakov ta yanke shawarar zuwa Moscow a karo na farko. Bugu da ƙari, yana da kawu a can - Farfesa Pokrovsky. A hanyar, shi ne wanda ya zama samfurin ga Farfesa Preobrazhensky daga littafin "The Dog's Heart". Bayan wannan tafiya, Michael ya koma garinsa Kiev tare da matarsa. Uwar ta fahimci cewa Bulgakov tana amfani da morphine kuma ya yanke shawarar taimaka wa dansa. Tare da mijinta na biyu, Farfesa Voskresensky, sun taimakawa Bulgakov don shawo kan jita-jita kuma ya buɗe aikin kansa na al'ada. Bayan juyin juya halin, a shekarar 1919 ya shiga aikin soja a cikin sojojin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukrainian. Daga bisani, an zarge shi da zubar da jini, sannan kuma ya yi yaki domin Red Army, amma lokacin da yaƙin ya fara a Kiev, ya tafi zuwa na Uku na Cossack Regiment kuma ya kasance tare da tsarin mulki a matsayin likita. Tare da su ya yi yaƙi da 'yan tawayen Chechens, sannan ya yi aiki a asibiti a Vladikavkaz.

A karshen 1919, Mikhail ya bar asibiti ya yanke shawarar kawo ƙarshen aikin likita. Ayyukan likitan ba ya sake roƙonsa ba. Ya fahimci abin da yake so kuma zai iya yin daban-daban, wato littattafai. Tuni a shekarar 1919, littafinsa na farko ya fito a jaridar Grozny. Bayan haka Bulgakov kullum ke gudanar da aikin wallafe-wallafe kuma a 1919 ya koma Moscow. A can ya zama sakataren Glavpolitprosvet na Gida a karkashin Kamfanin Commissariat na Education. A wannan lokacin, Bulgakov ya yi aiki tare da jaridu da dama na Moscow, ya rubuta takardunsa da labaru. Bayan haka, an buga tarin farko na labarun satirical, The Devil,. Ba da daɗewa ba, a kan mataki na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow sun buga wasan kwaikwayo uku a Bulgakov: "Days of the Turbins", "Zoykina Apartment" da "Crimson Island".

Bulgakov wani marubuci ne mai ban sha'awa, wanda bai yarda da ikon Soviet ba. Yawanci ya soki kuma ya yi ba'a a cikin litattafansa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya yi dariya a cikin aiki, a kan gwamnati, da kuma a kan masu fasaha, wanda ya manta da abin da ake nufi ya zama mai hankali. Masu ilmantarwa da masu tunani sun fi son Bulgakov, amma, duk masu sukar suna rubutawa game da shi kawai sharri. A 1930, Bulgakov ba zai iya tsayawa ba kuma ya rubuta wasikar zuwa Stalin. Harafin ya ce ba a yarda da dukkan wasanninsa ba, da labarun da litattafai - don bugawa. Saboda haka, ya tambayi Stalin ya bar shi ya tafi waje, idan aikinsa bai bukaci kowa ba, kuma ba zai iya ba da gudummawa ga duk wani tarihin wallafe-wallafe na Rasha na karni na ashirin. Bulgakov ta nemi fahimtar mutane. Idan ba su so su bar shi daga kasar, a kalla bari a tura su a wani wuri mai nisa, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ko kuma wanda ke da alaka da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. In ba haka ba, shi kawai bai san abin da zai yi ba, domin shi, marubuta wanda aka girmama a kasashen waje, yana zaune cikin talauci, kusan a kan titi. Ba'a san ko wannan wasika ta shafi Stalin ba, amma, mafi mahimmanci, marubuci ya yi mamakin cewa marubuci kuma an ba shi damar yin aiki a matsayin darektan ko kuma mataimakin mai gudanarwa. Ya kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma ci gaba da rubutawa. Abin takaici, abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum da kuma yanayin rayuwa marasa talauci sun rushe lafiyar wani marubuci mai basira. Ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1949 kuma ya zauna a gidan kurkuku Novodevichy. Kuma ƙarni na zamani na sanannun wallafe-wallafen yana sha'awar basirarsa kuma yana karanta litattafan da duk matsaloli na Tarayyar Soviet da dukan matsalolin rayuwa a cikinta, a farkon karni na ashirin, an kwatanta su.